Hunga Tonga Volcanic Eruption.

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Hunga Tonga Volcanic Eruption 

Hunga Tonga Volcanic Eruption

The eruption of the Hunga Tonga volcano released explosive forces that reduced the power of the Hiroshima atomic bomb. NASA scientists say survivors have described how the catastrophic Pacific eruption "messed up our brains". The NASA Earth Observatory said the Hunga Tonga volcano erupted 40 kilometers (25 miles) high into the atmosphere during the January 15 2022 eruption that triggered huge tsunami waves.

The amount of energy released by the explosion was somewhere between five and 30 megatons (five to 30 million tons). The eruption was hundreds of times stronger than the US atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in August 1945, which was estimated to be about 15 kilotons. The volcanic island about 65 kilometres north of the Tongan capital Nuku’alofa.

It has covered island kingdoms of about 100,000 with toxic ash, poisoned drinking water, destroyed crops, and completely destroyed at least two villages. the deaths of at least three people in Tonga happened and two coastal people drowned in Peru due to freak waves in the South American country.

Peru has declared an environmental disaster after the waves hit an oil tanker offloading near Lima, creating a huge slick along the coast. In Tonga, the scale of destruction remains unclear after communications to remote islands were knocked out.

The eruption created an ash cloud 260-km wide and rising up nearly 39km into the sky, by early estimates. Within the cloud were electric storms that produced up to 400,000 lightning strikes in three hours.

The volcanic eruption also triggered a tsunami causing waves over a metre high across the Pacific Islands, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, as well as the west coast of North and South America. This was the first instance of a volcanic eruption causing an ocean-wide tsunami in the Pacific instead of an earthquake. The tsunami waves were also unusual in their characteristics.

A massive shockwave followed the eruption and was observed from space in stunning satellite imagery. The wave was recorded in seismometers around the globe — including in distant Alaska, over 10,000km away.

The ash deposit from the eruption is expected to cause environmental damage for a few years. After blocking out the sun in Tonga, the cloud has since started to disperse, moving over Australia and into the Indian Ocean, but no global climate impact is expected.

It is still unclear what triggered an explosion of this magnitude, but superheated magma at over 1,000 degrees Celsius rising up to come in contact with shallow oceanic water at 20 degrees Celsius intensified it.



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